Search Engine Optimisation for IT and Engineering-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSearch Engine Optimisation for IT and Engineering. Answer: Introduction: This paper is purposefully based on conceptualizing the SEO to a firm which has few decision-makers not being able to understand the term. The case organization has plans to employ an SEO firm; however, they first want to review the process as they are not sure of the key challenges associated with its application and the post-implementation process. The learner has been assigned to the mentioned task. The plan to employ an SEO firm is indeed important in regards to increasing the official website visibility to the target audience. Google, Bing and Yahoo are the three most popular platforms which are used for the search engine optimization. It is related to certain keywords which the target audience generally search for. The moment they enter those certain keywords they get able to view a list of other suggestions also arranged in order based on the website rankings. This means the search was for a different keyword; however, the list of suggestions may also encourage users to other keywords. However, the suggested keywords might encourage visiting the pages which may be either useful or engaging for the target audience (Baye, De los Santos and Wildenbeest 2016; pp.6-31). The review process on the SEO is being done in this paper by first looking on the advantages that an SEO platform provides. In addition, it also enquires the key problems associated with the SEO and recommends a way to get rid of that. Conceptualising the SEO and SEO firm: A website may lack the content which is required to increase its engaging capability. Nowadays, a website is not just limited to providing the basic information of the website owner. It is actually now seen as one of the platforms to advertise the product or the service, engaging customers with its content and converting maximum turns into sales. Optimising a website may include making changes to its content to make it look attractive engaging, facilitating HTML associated coding to make it more relevant with most typed keywords and eliminating barriers to effective indexing activities of search engine platforms (Egri and Bayrak 2014). Those that are recognized specialist in delivering SEO services are commonly known as SEO firms. Business organizations approach that SEOseeking solutions on their website. Solutions include making required amendments to the contents to make it much competitive and highly interactive. Advantages of using SEO: There are the ample of advantages of using an SEO service that is as listed below (Arlitsch and OBrien 2015; pp.950-952): Increases Traffic:People may be searching for products or serviceswhich are relevant to the products or services of many companies. However, not all the companies have the chance to get caught in the sight of customers. SEO indeed helps to stock keywords in the index which are relevant to what audience looks for. Hence, companies that are not predominantly searched on the search engines can also find the new audience. The number of clicks improves the ranking. Website with highest ranks is searched more than any other websites. SEO may help to increase the traffic and thereby the ranking. An increased traffic is indeed necessary for an improved performance of the website. SEO helps to identify the relevant keywords which target audience generally type. SEO works on Meta descriptions and the title tags which also contribute in drawing the attention of audience. A website link optimised that way conveys useful information giving a snapshot of the actual website page. Hence, this also helps to increase the click though rates. ROI: SEO does not only increase the clicks, it also communicates the path which the users have followed. This is beneficial for both e-commerce and non-e-commerce sites. E-commerce sites may also know the path which the users have followed to complete a sale. SEO may help to improve the rankings, traffic and the conversions. Rankingsis important for appearing on the top of the list of the drop down. Traffic' is directly proportional to click through rate. An increased traffic means an enhanced click through rates. SEO created traffic are more likely to get converted into customers. It is better than any other way of traffic conversion. This is indeed an effective way to promote the business. Cost-effectiveness: SEO is an essential marketing strategy and is effectively more than any other marketing strategies like cold-calling.SEO targets only those audiences who are searching for the similar kind of product or service which the concerned company has. Moreover, it is a kind of incoming customers. On the other hand, cold-calling is an outgoing process. Cold-calling may still be effective in generating the leads, however, the SEO moves ahead in terms of producing quality leads. Hence, SEO is indeed a cost-effective and extremely beneficial method which may ensure a success. Improved site usability: This is another advantage of approaching the SEO service. SEO firms can effectively help to improve the website architecture to improve its user interface. The website can have an enhanced navigable capability. Therefore, users might feel it easier to navigate through the website pages. This also means that SEO does not only help to increase the possibility of being viewed by the audience but, also means an easy navigable between pages. Brand responsiveness: SEO, as discussed earlier, helps to improve the rankings through its incoming strategies. The incoming strategies mean making changes to the website architecture, making the keywords relevant by stocking more words to the index and improving the page navigation. This way SEO helps to fetch leadswhich are high in quality. The rankings get improved and hence, make the website visible on the first page. It may leave a good impression on customers because companies being listed on the first page are viewed as more trustworthy. Freedom from the paid advertisement:The website traffic can be increased without ever paying for the single click. SEO helps to increase the website clicks and thereby, helps to save on the investments. The saved money can be used in more important areas. Key issues of SEO: There are some serious issues which need to be taken care with the utmost protection. The role-play of the case company will be selecting SEO firms with high ratings in quality service. This may ensure prevention of issues which are discussed as follows: Duplicate content: In approximately around 50% cases, the duplicity of contents is a reported problem (Chojar, Chauhan and Singh 2014; pp.495-499). In such scenario, Google or other search engines may not be able to rank the websites. Feed is done in such a way that search engines make a differentiation based on the content originality. It means that contest should not match. The duplicity of contents may not fetch positive response from Google and hence, CTR (click through rates) will get hampered. A reduced CTR will result in lessened traffic. Therefore, the purpose to hire the SEO firm will not be served (Choudhari and Bhalla 2015; pp.692-694). Title tags: Title tag appears at the top of search listings. The tag needs to be attractive and concise as well, so that, the audience is able to build up a perception regarding the website. There are commonly few issues which SEO firms are practicing. Those few issues are copied title tags, long title tags, smaller or meaningless title tags and missing tags. Copied title tags may reduce the chances of the website appearing on the first page of the search engine (Pitale and Verma 2015; pp.2-3). An effective title tag abiding by the rules policies of search engines such as of Google may help to get CTR (click through rates). On the other hand, an overly stated or meaningless tag may result in the otherwise consequences. Google, in particular, is intended to give unique contents to users (Jerath, Ma and Park 2014; pp.483-486). This means if title tags are not original or they are invaluable, Google may certainly reject those websites from appearing in the list. Overly long tags are no t also good for the company. Google, in particular, has the certain range of characters which can be displayed to customers. Google may only show up to 71 characters. Missing title tags is itself an issue as the search engine may not identify the contents and hence, traffic may get hampered. Title tags should also not be too smaller that it does not make any sense. It needs to be to the extent it conveys any meaning to the target audience. Moreover, in that way, the search engine like Google will also be able to identify the values of the content (Chojar, Chauhan and Singh 2014; pp.494-498). Meta descriptions: Meta descriptions do help to attract customers towards a particular website. It may not have a direct influence; however, it really helps to increase the CTR (click through rates) (Yang, Shi and Wang 2015; pp.1108-1112). If that happens customer may feel like visiting the web page. Hence, the web traffic will then improve. This will also impact the conversion rate if the website has impactful contents and are appropriately distributed on each page. This should not be the case that one or few pages have very less amount of words in it. Some SEO firms do copy the Meta descriptions. Therefore, the page listing will be lessened (Vermaet al. 2015; pp.45-51). Invaluable word-count: Some SEO firms do not concentrate on the word-count. They either construct low word count which does not convey any significant meaning or the contents are copied and hence, less attractive.Sometimes they have sufficient word count on the website page; however, due to being copied from similar other sites it fails to deliver (Jindal and Kharb 2014; pp.2-4). There are certain guidelines set by the different search engines such as Google in regards to the word-count limit on the website page. Google in particular values much in-depth and insightful content. Website meeting those criteria will also find their ranks as improving. An improved rank will result in increased web traffic and hence, the conversion rates (Yang, Shi and Wang 2015; pp.1106-1109). Recommendations: Avoiding duplicity of content:The company must ensure that they are at the right hand. The assurance is needed on the content. They must not afford to hire someone who used to follow duplicity of content. Use of effective Title tags: The case company must really focus on hiring SEO firms with good ratings. Hence, it is necessary for the organization it gets the reputed SEO firm that has good market values. Such firms will ensure that title tags are shorter and within the guidelines set by search engines but, still, conveying potential insights to customers. Useof attractive Meta descriptions: It is important to hire SEO firms with good market values, so that, they pay utmost attention while constructing the Meta descriptions. Meta descriptions should be precise but, must be conveying a good insight of the website. Valuable word-count:This is necessary that the website has the appropriate word-count distributed to the different pages. A reputed SEO firm makes it sure that they change the website architecture and fill this with necessary contents in a way that it looks much better and meaningful as well. Conclusion: Therefore, the case study company needs to pay a high attention to the benefits and the challenges of hiring the SEO firm. The selection of SEO firm needs to be done after ensuring that the selected firm has the good market values. This is very important to avoid any challenges which are all being highlighted in this study. Duplicate content, title tags, Meta descriptions and invaluable word-count are the few issues which need to be taken care of while in business with the SEO firm. The primary action will be to shortlist the number of SEO firms that are available in the market. The different SEO firms must be analyzed based on their market values. In addition, the number of successful projects that they have conducted, so far, should also be checked to understand whether they are dealing with the right SEO firm. References: Arlitsch, K. and OBrien, P., 2015. Introducing the" Getting Found" Web Analytics Cookbook for Monitoring Search Engine Optimization of Digital Repositories.Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries (QQML),4, pp.947-953. Baye, M.R., De los Santos, B. and Wildenbeest, M.R., 2016. Search engine optimization: what drives organic traffic to retail sites?.Journal of Economics Management Strategy,25(1), pp.6-31. Chojar, B., Chauhan, A. and Singh, A.V., 2014. Search engine optimization: A review.International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering,4(1), pp.493-499. Choudhari, K. and Bhalla, V.K., 2015. Video search engine optimization using keyword and feature analysis.Procedia Computer Science,58, pp.691-697. Egri, G. and Bayrak, C., 2014. The role of search engine optimization on keeping the user on the site.Procedia Computer Science,36, pp.335-342. Jerath, K., Ma, L. and Park, Y.H., 2014. Consumer click behavior at a search engine: The role of keyword popularity.Journal of Marketing Research,51(4), pp.480-486. Jindal, M. and Kharb, N., 2014. Data Mining in Web Search Engine Optimization and User Assisted Rank Results.International Journal of Computer Applications,95(8), pp.19-39. Pitale, P. and Verma, A.U., 2015. Survey Paper based on Search Engine Optimization, Web Crawler and Web Mining.International Journal of Computer Applications (09758887) Applications of Computers and Electronics for the Welfare of Rural Masses (ACEWRM),2015, pp.1-3. Verma, N., Malhotra, D., Malhotra, M. and Singh, J., 2015. E-commerce website ranking using semantic web mining and neural computing.Procedia Computer Science,45, pp.42-51. Yang, Z., Shi, Y. and Wang, B., 2015. Search engine marketing, financing ability and firm performance in E-commerce.Procedia Computer Science,55, pp.1106-1112.

Discussion on Information Technology-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Communication and Information Technology. Answer: Encryption is a new technique which is used to covert data or information into a code. This code is not readable by normal person or third person apart from the intended receiver of the message. This helps in prevention of unauthorized access of the data (Garg et al 2016). The primary purpose of the technique is to protect confidentiality of the digital data stored in a computer system or data which is transmitted via the internet or other network in a computer system. The modern encryption algorithm plays a vital role in the security assurance of the IT system. The key elements of security achieved from the technique are authentication with which the originator of the message can be identified, integrity which ensures that the content of the message or the message is not modified or altered from the time it had been send and the non repudiation which ensures that the sender of the message cannot deny sending the message. The technique has brought about many features regarding the security aspect of confidentiality but with it different negative aspects are also being included. The messages that are sending from one person to the other are encrypted in a way that the message cannot be accessed by anyone other than the intended recipient of the message. This aspects advantage is being taken by the criminals. The criminal tend to send their conversation or their message by encrypting the message as a result of which the message cannot be accessed by any one other. As stated in a report by the FBI half of the investigation is now impeded by suspect using computer or phones with encryption (Badrinarayanan et al 2017). The negative aspect is that it would be dealing with the Privacy-protecting consumer encryption which is a technology that is almost nearly impossible to regulate or prohibit putting emphasis when criminals also use it to impede investigation. As a result of which criminals are very difficul t to be traced. The struggling had started with the Smartphone security aspect. Notably, after the ISIS inspired couple murdered 14 people (Al-Shmrani, M.A and Khan 2017). The police department tried to convince Apple to create a fake update for an iPhone to break and in order to gatherer the information from the phone. The company couldnt process the request as that would have made a huge change. Encryption has boomed its popularity in the recent months. Android devices and I phones both the devices can be encrypted if their user wants it to do so. They can create their own password or finger print in order to open the device (Badrinarayanan et al 2017). With emphasis on the different messaging application like Watsapp and iMessage strong end to end encryption is achieved which means that those devices manufacturer cant process a mean to unlock the users message (Kamp 2016). Cryptography experts resound agreed upon the fact of asking companies like Apple to a build a backdoor into an encrypted program. The benefits of encryption that is put forward for the society and the gain confidentiality access to the data need to be balanced with the opportunity presented to the criminal fraternity (Hoffman 2016). Criminals that are part of such crime are targeted by the National Criminal Intelligence Service are on a par with large organizations and use the tools in order to carry their business. Criminals are in a move to exploit and take advantage of the technology and bid out maneuver enforcement of the law. It is fact that the use of encryption is not widespread at the present time, it has created serious in different areas in order to organize crime in field of pedophilia, trafficking and terrorism. As the criminals are becoming more IT liberate the use of encryption throughout the society is increasing and crime related to it are increasing in a wide span (Boneh and Franklin 2016). Time is always a pertinent in the fight against crime. Criminals always do not wait for the law enforcement in order to finish their preparation before committing an offence or a crime epically not a serious end of the spectrum of the crime. The vital aspect is timely access to the information. The time delay when is used in order to creak an encrypted message means that the material gained is of very little use to intelligence officers or an operation team (Gross 2017). There is an old saying that if the retrieval of the black box after a crash of flight is the only evidence then why not makes the whole flight of the same material. If houses were build of an unbreakable material it would be very difficult for the police to catch the criminals knowing that the person is inside of the house. Encryption can be related to the same sort of problem (Jacobsen 2017). The data which was ones a big evidence in part of the crime in recent times the data cannot be read or is unreachable. The major issue is not to grant access to the decrypted key, but whether access to the decrypted material is available when it is lawfully required. To conclude this essay it could be stated that encryption has brought about many new advantages which can be used in order achieve confidentiality with data in the computer system or data in a mobile phone. Access to anybodies personal information and the messages cannot be accessed. These technological advantages are exploited by the criminals in order to perform their activity (Spafford 2016). The data with respect to the crime was regarded as an important evidence in order to crack the case but with the encryption technology the data can be easily accessed and the processing of the investigation is hampered. The value of the current accedes to the material that could be encrypted- emails and telecommunication- should not be underestimated in the case of fighting against serious and organized crime. The effect of the material which is made irretrievable through the use of encryption could be potentially divesting (Tian et al.2016). References Al-Shmrani, M.A. and Khan, A.R., 2017. SIMPLE IMAGE ENCRYPTION FOR MOBILE PHONES. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 95(5), p.1134. Badrinarayanan, S., Goyal, V., Jain, A. and Sahai, A., 2017. A note on VRFs from Verifiable Functional Encryption. IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive, 2017, p.51. Boneh, D. and Franklin, M., The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University and The Regents Of The University Of California, 2016. Systems and methods for identity-based encryption and related cryptographic techniques. U.S. Patent 9,356,779. Garg, S., Gentry, C., Halevi, S., Raykova, M., Sahai, A. and Waters, B., 2016. Candidate indistinguishability obfuscation and functional encryption for all circuits. SIAM Journal on Computing, 45(3), pp.882-929. Gross, S., 2017. A Mystery Wrapped in an Encryption: Surveillance and Privacy in the Encrypted Era. Nw. J. Tech. Intell. Prop., 15, pp.74-74. Hoffman, N., 2016. Review of Intercept: The Secret History of Computers and Spies by Gordon Corera. Jacobsen, K.M., 2017. Game of Phones, Data Isn't Coming: Modern Mobile Operating System Encryption and Its Chilling Effect on Law Enforcement. Geo. Wash. L. Rev., 85, p.566. Kamp, P.H., 2016. More encryption means less privacy. Queue, 14(1), p.30. Spafford, E.H., 2016. The strength of encryption. Communications of the ACM, 59(3), pp.5-5. Tian, X., Fan, C., Liu, J. and Ding, Q., 2017, August. Design and Implementation of Network Video Encryption System Based on STM32 and AES Algorithm. In International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (pp. 51-58). Springer, Cham.

Top Persuasive Essay Topics

Top Persuasive Essay TopicsTop persuasive essay topics can be challenging to choose from. There are some themes that appear more frequently than others. By knowing what topics people want to know about, you can select the ones that will give you the most bang for your buck.One of the best persuasive essay topics is the success story. This topic provides an important framework to reflect upon and think through. The topic is flexible enough to include a variety of possible perspectives.The whole idea of an issue raises up, gets debated and analyzed. While many people use this as a tool to motivate, it is also used to question a person's position. If the issue is relevant to the key issue, then this may be an appropriate topic.Another popular topic is the lack of relevance of the content management system. The content management system has emerged as a dominant platform for internet marketers. It is the one that gives you the tools to manage an abundance of content for your website and online business.If your business focuses on using the content management system, then why not write about how relevant it has become? That topic is likely to help you build a reputation for your business as someone who is committed to managing a large amount of content.The list of persuasive essay topics can continue to grow. By considering the key issues that will play a role in your chosen business, you will be well equipped to achieve your own desired goals.One way to avoid getting lost in the list of persuasive essay topics is to get a list of them. A list will provide you with the opportunity to choose from among the most popular ideas and see how they apply to your situation.

Values- Allport-Vernon free essay sample

Critically evaluate â€Å"Allport-Vernon† classification of values. How values  affectthe business processes. Values represent basic convictions that â€Å"a specific mode of  conduct or end-state of  existence is personally or socially preferable to  an opposite or converse mode of conduct orend-state of existence† (Rokeach, 1973). When the values  are ranked in terms of  theirintensity, i. e. , when the value are prioritized in terms of their intensity, it is called valuesystem. Types of values include ethical/moral values, doctrinal/ideological (political,religious) values, social values, and aesthetic values. Values have both content and intensity  attributes. The content attribute signifies that amode of conduct or end-state of existence is  important. The intensity attribute specifieshow important it is. Ranking an individual’s values in terms of their intensity equals thatperson’s value system. Values build the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and motivation of anindividual, since; value has a  great impact on perceptions. Values shape relationships,behaviors, and choices. We will write a custom essay sample on Values- Allport-Vernon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The more positive our values, more positive  are people’s actions. Asignificant portion of the values an individual holds is established in the early years—fromparents, teachers, friends, and others. Allport-Vernon classification of values: 1. Theoretical: Interest in the discovery of truth through reasoning and  systematicthinking. 2. Economic: Interest in usefulness and practicality, including the  accumulation of wealth. 3. Aesthetic: Interest in beauty, form and  artistic harmony. 4. Social: Interest in people and human  relationships. 5. Political: Interest in gaining power and influencing other people. 6. Religious: Interest in unity and understanding the cosmos as  a whole. Work behavior across cultures and  businesses In every culture, there are different sets  of attitudes and values which affect  behavior. Similarly, every individual has a set of attitudes and beliefs – filters through which he/sheviews management situations within organizational context. Managerial  beliefs, attitudesand values can affect organizations positively  or negatively. Managers portray trust andrespect in their employees in different  ways in different cultures. This is a  function of theirown cultural backgrounds. For example, managers from  specific culturestend to focusonly on the behavior that takes place at work, in contrast to managers from diffused  cultures who focus on wider range of behavior  including employees’ private and

Estimate the importance of Federalism in fourth century Greece Essays

Estimate the importance of Federalism in fourth century Greece Essays Estimate the importance of Federalism in fourth century Greece Essay Estimate the importance of Federalism in fourth century Greece Essay Essay Topic: History The Peloponnesian War According to the Encyclopaedia Britannica1 federalism is a mode of political organisation that unites independent states within a larger political framework while still allowing each state to maintain its own political integrity. While the distribution of power between states and the federal authority will vary from system to system, all federal systems preserve the ability of state governments to decide matters of local importance without interference from the federal superstructure. Federalism is a way of achieving unity without force. After Athens was defeated by Sparta in 404BC, Sparta and its allies gathered together to decide the fate of Athens. Corinth and Thebes urged for the complete destruction of the city and for all Athenians to be sold into slavery. Athens enemies wanted to make sure that Athens did not return as a major power in Greece. However, Sparta decided that because of Athens past service to Greece and the Greek city states in the Persian Wars, to be lenient and ordered that the Athenian city walls and walls protecting the Piraeus were to be destroyed and for Athens to lose all its foreign possessions2. They also ordered that the Athenian navy was to be reduced to just twelve triremes and Athens had to become an ally to Sparta and pledge to follow Spartan leadership. From all of this two new concepts were to arise in fourth century Greece. Firstly, the concept of a common peace was to arise, which was the peace between all Greek States and secondly the concept of federalism, which was the formati on of various leagues and alliances for mutual protection. After the surrender of Athens, Sparta became the undisputed major power among the Greek city states. Stripped of her empire and navy, Athens looked to the establishment of leagues to ensure its survival and hopes of becoming a major power again, as well as to ensure the common peace. But it wasnt going to be easy for Athens because it had become a city under the political control of its more powerful neighbour Sparta and a period of Spartan Hegemony was to follow. According to Thomas. R. Martin, Ancient Greece, in Athens the Spartan general, Lysander, who defeated the city, pulled down the democratic government and established an oligarchy, this caused many members of the democratic factions to flee the city and raise armies in Corinth and Thebes. In the period of Spartan Hegemony we see Sparta trying to establish an empire of her own. Shortly after the defeat of Athens, Sparta entered into an alliance with Cyrus, who claimed the Persian throne against his brother, Artaxerxes the second, who had also claimed the throne. Under the leadership of Sparta, Cyrus managed to make it all the way to the centre of Mesopotamia and the capital itself. But Cyrus was killed leaving the Spartans trapped in hostile territory with no means of escape; her only escape route was to make defensive alliances with the Greek city states of Asia Minor which it did3. In these defensive alliances we see Sparta trying to ensure the common peace and we also to a small extent see the unification of some of the Greek states. Even though the alliances were defensive and for Spartas benefit, a hint of federalism does exist here. The period of Spartan Hegemony was followed by the Corinthian War from 395 to 386BC. Federalism is seen here in the alliance of Corinth, Argos, Thebes and Athens against Sparta. Angered by Spartas tyrannical overlordship in Greece after the Peloponnesian war and the defeat of Athens, several Greek states took advantage of Spartas involvement in the war with Persia to challenge Spartan supremacy4. With Persian aid from Artaxerxes the second, Athens was able to build a fleet, refortify her port, and eventually recover the islands of Lemnos, Scyros and Imbros. Unable to fight a war on all fronts, Sparta soon withdrew her forces from Asia Minor and Sparta began negotiations with Persia to bring about peace and to halt the Persian support of the rebellious Greek city states. Sparta with the help of a Spartan agent in Persia, Antalcidas, persuaded Artaxerxes to agree to the so called Kings Peace, or Peace of Antalcidas, but the terms were those of the Persian King and not that of Spartas5. Persia proposed that Cyprus and the Greek city states in Asia Minor were to be returned to Persia, while the Athenians were forced to give up their conquests except Lemnos, Imbros and Scryos. The Persians also proposed that the Greek city states except those in Asia Minor were to be independent thus eliminating combinations such as the Theban dominated Boeotian league, which had also fought against Sparta. Sparta accepted the terms of the treaty but interpreted its terms of peace as an excuse to justify interference in the Greek city states. Sparta could use the terms of the treaty as an excuse to dismantle enemies whose organisation could be seen as a violation of peace in Greece6. The Kings peace also gave Sparta space to expand its actions and in 383BC Sparta attacked Olynthus. However, on passing by Thebes the Spartan army was invited into the city by a group of pro-Spartan citizens. The Spartan commander, Phoebidas took advantage of the situation and proceeded to seize the citadel of Thebes. This action was to create a violent hatred to Sparta in the Greek world. In turn the Athenians were to ally themselves with the Thebans and the establishment of the Athenian Naval Confederacy in 378BC occurs7. Like Athens alliance during the Corinthian war this was also an act of federalism. The establishment of the Athenian naval confederacy may have been due to the fear of Spartan revenge after the Athenian support for Thebes and the part it played in the liberation of Thebes citadel, but it is probably more likely that Athens simply used the anti-Spartan attitude in the hope to gain a foothold on which to restore her once formidable empire. With the establishment of the Athenian naval confederacy Athens was careful to guarantee that the alliance would not turn into a second Delian league that was completely dominated by Athens. In the naval confederacy combined military actions of Athens and its allies could only be approved by the Athenian peoples court after the majority of a federal diet, of which Athens was no member, was in favour. Another difference between the Delian league and the new Athenian naval confederacy was that Athens did not have permission to establish cleruchies, or loose soldiers on the territory of its allies. Athens could also not demand tributes, the necessary contributions were completely voluntary. These measures made the Athenian naval confederacy from the beginning not suited as an instrument for new Athenian imperialism8. For many of the Greek states there was no rush to join the Athenian naval confederacy, only when the confederacy showed its effectiveness by defeating Sparta at sea during the battle of Naxos in 376BC did the alliance quickly gain members9. At first most cities were happy with their membership of the confederacy, but soon Athens showed its real intentions. Athens also broke one of her promises by installing a garrison on the island of Cephalleia. The justification of the alliance, at first a democratic freedom fight against Sparta the oppressor, seemed to have lost its justification. Thebes also had become power hungry and it reclaimed its leadership over Boetia by reviving the Boetian league10. Thebes ambitions did not stop there and a war followed ending in 371BC with a Spartan defeat at Leuctra. Up until then the Spartan army was seen as almost invincible. The Theban victory was due to the tactical genius of Epaminodas. He realised that the problem or weakness of the Spartan phalanx was that it had always tended to curl to the right, as the hoplites instinctively moved to the right to gain more protection from the shield of the hoplite beside them. So Epaminodas introduced the sloping phalanx11 which was deeper at the left wing. The result was a classic encirclement of the enemy once the stronger left wing had defeated the weaker right wing of the enemy. After the battle of Leuctra a period of Theban Hegemony was to come. It is also important to note that the Athenian naval confederacy was still intact after the Spartan defeat. One of the Theban Hegemonys most permanent legacies according to V. Ehrenberg, The Greek State, was the export of the federal principle and that the establishment of the Arcadian league is concrete evidence of the way Thebes in her expansion in the Aegean, capitalized on Athenian unpopularity by stealing Athens allies and institutions12. Although Theban Hegemony was to follow, Athens still made a bid for diplomatic leadership to fill the vacuum left by Spartas fall. It was not so much an attempt to incorporate Spartas allies into the naval confederacy by Athens but to inherit the hegemony of the Peloponnese, which Thebes already had. Thebes found it convenient, as we see in the establishment of the Arcadian league, to encourage federalism13. The Thebans encouraged the federation of Arcadia in the hope that the Arcadian league would form a suitable diplomatic and strategic implement. In spite of Spartan wishes, in the latter Thebes was successful, although the league did prove to be r ather too independent in spirit for Thebes liking. As federalism was a way of achieving unity without force Thebes saw herself as the leader of a united Hellas, as most probably Sparta and Athens did. The establishment of Theban military supremacy was a source of fear to both Athens and Sparta, and so it seemed the logical move for the two states to combine in their opposition to Thebes14. By 369BC the Athenians and Spartans were in the field as allies, not dividing up their respective spheres by land and sea but each holding supreme command in turn. However, Spartas last hope to restore its power ended with the great battle of Mantinea in 362BC. Thebes had once again managed to defeat the Spartan phalanx, but this time it had cost them the death of their most influential leader, Epaminodas15. It seems evident that none of the three great states could gain leadership again let alone leadership of a united Hellas, Sparta was completely broken and defeated, Athens had problems and discontent within her confederacy and Thebes was in general hated and had lost her most influential leader. According to Sir Franck Adcock and D.J. Mosley, Diplomacy in Ancient Greece, what also became clear was that the principal collection of independent cities had to be replaced by other forms of government. It seemed that the history of Greece was to repeat itself, everyone attacking each other in a bid to become the most powerful city. The result was that several times confederations were formed by cities who felt threatened, as we have seen to a certain extent. In the early 350s BC Thebes was completely losing her power and an argument with her neighbouring city, Phocis, resulted in a Sacred War, in which Thebes was hit hard. Phocis seized the Delphi temple treasures, hired mercenaries and fought for its existence. The war was only ended by the intervention of Philip of Macedon in 346 BC16. Soon the disintegration of the Boetian league increased and Theban Hegemony was completely over. The Athenians also gave over their league and Greece had once again become a nation of independent non-allied states. In less than two decades, those city states would disappear forever as political units, to be replaced by a kingdom under Macedonian rule and Philip II. Philips establishment of the Corinthian League was to be the building of the bridge that led to the federal state17. We can conclude that fourth century Greece is a period littered with alliances. There is a great deal of federalism in the fourth century BC and its importance is that it is a kind of alternative to an extent to imperialism, it is a way of achieving peace without force. Leagues and alliances were all attempts to ensure a common peace with one of a possible three candidates wanting to be at the helm of it all to an extent. But neither Sparta, Thebes or Athens was to lead Greece as a federal state and achieve unity as Macedon and Rome later did. The leagues were an offensive as well as a defensive alliance, as seen in the Athenian naval confederacy. In answer to the question I believe that federalism did play an important role in the fourth century and it paved a way for a common peace under Macedonian rule with Philip and later with Alexander the Great, who expressed unity at its highest level by incorporating Persians in administrative roles in his vast empire which stretched from Gr eece to India.

Helicopter vs Planes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Helicopter vs Planes - Essay Example Research indicates that a person on the helicopter has high chances of making it safely to the ground than one on an airplane. Survival on a helicopter is possible because of autorotation of the rotor blade. The rotor blades of a helicopter go on rotating when engine fails. Helicopter pilots are well aware of this phenomenon because they practice a lot during training. They are thought to switch off the engine and land a helicopter (Hiskey, 2012). A significant number of accidents happen as a result of human error. If one travels using a helicopter on bad weather or flying onto wires he or she is likely to cause accident. Someone might argue that planes are much safer because it always fly at high altitude than a helicopter making it much safer. However, as mentioned above, accidents only happen due to pilot error. An airplane could be more dangerous than helicopter in case engines fails. It will fall at high speed than a helicopter; helicopter utilizes autorotation as mentioned earlier (Hiskey, 2012). In conclusion, it is much safer to travel on a helicopter than an airplane. It is easy to control helicopter when engine fails. Hiskey, D. (2012). Helicopters Won’t Just Drop Like a Rock if the Engine Dies, They are Actually Designed to Be Able to Land Safely This Way. Retrieved from

International Business Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Business Management - Term Paper Example us assesses the changes observed in the relationship of India and Australia for the past 10 years, projecting the future of such relationship for the upcoming few years until 2024. As per the study findings, it is worth mentioning that communication gaps, giving rise to misunderstanding amid the two nations concerning their global objectives, acted as the major hindrance to their stagnant business relationship. However, from a futuristic perspective it was observed that such hindrances are steadily becoming obscure and contributing towards a much better relationship amid the two nations. The existing business relationship between Australia and India has ignited many benefits in building a communication with different cultures. To be mentioned in this context, the commonness in the strategic goals of the countries acted as a major boost to their enriched business relationship in the recent years (Brewster 2014). However, there are certain issues as well, those are inherent to the foreign trade dynamics of both these countries, having a toll on their developments. One of those issues can be identified as related with the often reported unrest in Australian geographic climate, when concerning the expatriates from India (Grare 2014). Nevertheless, through bilateral trade agreements and other forms of trade relations, these countries have witnessed massive changes in the recent decade, which will be discussed in the paper henceforth. Communication between the two countries has given rise to certain issues related to their business relationships. To be noted in this context, since the past 10 years, India and Australia were observed to having divergent goals defined for their strategic development. Partially owing to these strategic trajectories, both the nations were somewhat reluctant to enhance their trade relations, which indicate towards the communication gap existing amid the duo (Rao 2003). It was, but only in the year 2014, that the current Prime Ministers of