Intro Geo 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Intro Geo 1 - Essay Example By forming this organization, the United States, Canada and Mexico looked to strengthen the already trade ties between the three nations. The elimination of trade barriers was seen as helping all three nations increase the economic opportunities available in their homelands, but no nation had to give up sovereignty. The EU expects formerly sovereign nations to now bow to a new governmental body in Brussels. This sort of arrangement would meet with incredible resistance in America. The United Nations as it currently is constituted would not be an effective mechanism to decide which countries can use military intervention in their behalf. The problem with the United Nations stems from the fact that the nations of the Security Council have most of the real power. Wealth, military might and resources are so incredibly concentrated in this handful of countries, that even if the rest of the world opposed an action by a Security Council state, there is little they really could do other than protest or make official statements denouncing the action. For the United Nations to be the safe keeper of the world’s militaries, there would need to be some mechanism to give small countries and equal voice with large, powerful countries (Sanders). This is unlikely to happen because it would require great concessions on the parts of powerful

Criminology theory research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Criminology theory research paper - Essay Example In response, the Canadian conservative government has adopted varied measures aimed at addressing this menace. These include increasing longer prison terms as well as establishing more prisons. (Agnew and Cullen 121) As much as this has been helpful in averting crime, its effectiveness has often been questionable. This therefore call the need for the application of classical criminology and strain theory to explain how government agencies can avert the ever increasing rates of crime in the city of Toronto. Classical criminology theory Prior to explaining how government agencies in Toronto can apply classical criminology theory to fight crime, it is important to analyze it major underlying concepts. The classical school of criminology is often associated with Cesare Beccaria (Slocum 1107). It emerged at a time when the naturalistic approach of social contract scholars was challenging the spiritualistic approach that had dominated the thinking of criminal justice policies over a long p eriod (Becker 174). Thus, classical criminology emerged as a protest against spiritual explanations of crime and the criminal policies which they were based. Beccaria protested against a wide range of inconsistencies in the governance as well as public affairs(Slocum 1108). He advocated for various reforms within the criminal justice system to make it more logical and rational(Slocum 1108). He objected the barbaric punishments that were issued at that time. In regard to the contractual society and the need of punishments, Beccaria argued that laws are conditions under which people are united to form a society. It is the law that defends against private usurpations by individuals. He believed that only established laws can decree punishments for crimes. Beccaria believed that the true measure of crime is the harm done to the society. Thus, he expressed acknowledgement of the fact that crimes should not be committed, or should be less frequent in proportion to the harm they case socie ty. For this reason, he contended that obstacles that deter people from engaging in crime should be made stringer in proportion as they are contrary to the public good. According to Beccaria, there must be a proper proportion between crime and punishment(Agnew and Cullen 231). Today, most law enforcement agencies apply this principle through the establishment of law enforcement agencies aimed at punishing criminals. In regard to severity of punishments, Beccaria believed that for punishment to attain it end, the evil it inflicts has to exceed the advantage derivable from the crime (Cornish and Clarke 943). He argued that the more prompt and more closely punishment followed upon the commission of a criminal activity, the more just and useful it well be. According to him, one of the greatest curbs of crime is not the cruelty of punishment but rather the certainty of punishment. Thus, he suggested that laws and executors of laws should be inexorable. Most importantly, Beccaria argued t hat it is better to prevent crime rather than to punish them(Agnew and Cullen 232). He therefore believed that the ultimate purpose of every good legislation should be to prevent crime. This can be done through making laws clear and simple and that the entire force of a country should be united in the defense of these laws. Therefore, Beccaria believed that laws should be published do that the public may be aware of they are expected to do. His

Authentic Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Authentic Leadership - Essay Example The need for leadership construct evolves the criteria of fulfilling our needs by economic institutions and in order to meet institutional needs, individual is required to endure at least twelve years of formal education. However despite attaining a longer tenure in education, students still lack in determining their goal of life. This might be due to the globalising tendencies that we witness as market economies and are placed in the category of consumer market in which every individual born in the society is a consumer, and every consumer is either agent to the institute or interpretor. An illustration is that of given by Barker (2002) points out that this is one of the reasons why the role of interpreter of the Church has been transformed into roles other than the one use to guide people (2002, p. 68). Such consumer market has affected management and leadership development in economic ideology to the extent where it has been constructed in order to form a social hierarchy which send commands and controls knowledge management to authenticate leadership theories. However, theories alone are not enough to identify the core of the Australian leadership culture in this materialistic epoch, there are some attributes of the workplace that can be placed under the heading of worship. These attributes reveal to us that corporate environment, law firms or even union hierarchies define idealistic leadership in the light of religious attitudes that entail male orientation, physical and emotional strength, and self-reliant behavior (Sinclair, 2005, p. 44-45). One reason for such requirement is the physical contribution and influence of male over female is more task-oriented and dedicated. Corporate practices support these values so as to religious male leaders may work longer hours with minimal leave while representing a sense of self-sacrifice in terms of devoting maximum time for the job. Contemporary administration of Catholic schools

Modern Statutory Interpretation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Modern Statutory Interpretation - Essay Example The discussion will give me a side that shall be weighed heavily on the conclusive part. The contents of this Essay will include: Ambiguity is a notorious word that affects not only most learners of law but also those who enact law, interpret law, and obey, or violate law. It is present in the most precise of words, as one classic rock song goes "sometimes words have two meanings," (Stairway to Heaven, Led Zeppelin). And it so happened that words with two, or more meanings here being discussed are parts of the law system of which had been enacted by Parliament, obeyed or violated (although it will be already on the part of the judiciary to decide) purposely and not by the people, and with the Acts to be interpreted by the court as either lawful or not where instances had been that a prosecution is undertaken. The law is such that Lord Esher in R v Judge of City of London Court declared, "If the words of an Act are clear, you must follow them even though they lead to a manifest absurdity. The court has nothing to do with the question of whether the legislature has committed an absurdity. [However] If the words of an Act admit two interpretations, and if one interpretation leads to an absurdity, and the other does not, the Court will conclude the legislature did not intend the absurdity and adopt the other interpretation." The discussion will take off from here. Main Part For the purpose of clarifying the content of this essay, statutory interpretation is a process of interpreting and applying a legislation or a law which has been promulgated or enacted by the parliament or governing body. Legislation may refer to a single law or a collective body of enacted law, but "statute" is always referred to as a single law. At most times, the words of a statute have plain and direct meaning but ambiguity and vagueness are resolved by the judge of which he may use various tools and methods of "statutory interpretation" which may include traditional canons, legislative history as well as purpose. In the United Kingdom, there is a general presumption that legislation takes precedence in so far as there is any inconsistency or where legislation and case law are in conflict. This principle is called Parliamentary Sovereignty. The general notion is that a statute will be interpreted as consistent with all the content of the act so that the sui generis (of its won kind) rule is applied to resolve any conflict. In the interpretation of statutes, approaches to literal and purposive construction are used, and so are the intrinsic and extrinsic materials. The specific aids to interpretation includes among others: The Interpretation Act 1978 that defined many common terms to be used in construing any Act that contains the

Unequal Rules for Women Entrepreneurs and Workers Research Paper

Unequal Rules for Women Entrepreneurs and Workers - Research Paper Example "Increasing women's economic opportunities improves the well-being of families and communities, reduces poverty, and stimulates economic growth," said Rita Ramalho, lead author of the report. "Many factors shape women's opportunities to run successful businesses and get good jobs. Equitable business regulations are one piece of the puzzle." Women, Business and the Law2010analyzes differences in formal laws and institutions affecting women's prospects as entrepreneurs and employees across six topics-accessing institutions, using property, getting a job, dealing with taxes, building credit, and going to court. The report is the first to measure the gender gap in policy variables using quantitative and objective data. It does not measure all aspects that matter for women's economic opportunities. For example, it does not measure access to childcare, education, or personal security. "Gender differentiation in law sometimes arises out of a desire to protect women, but it may inadvertently limit their opportunities," said Penelope Brook, Director of the Global Indicators and Analysis Department of the World Bank Group.

Opinion Essay on Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe

Opinion on Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe - Essay Example I like the novel because it shuns away from discussing the pre-colonial life Eden. Instead, the author sketches a world in which war, suffering and violence exist, but are balanced by a powerful sense of social coherence, ritual, along with tradition. I also liked the fact that Achebe’s Ibo protagonist, Okonkwo, was a self-made person (Roberts 14). Okonkwo was the sons of a charming neer-do-well, who worked extremely hard all his life to triumph over his fathers weakness. As the novel progresses, this young fighter eventually gained prosperity, and became a widely respected person in his village, Umuofia (Roberts 17). His villagers could now depend on Okonkwo for advice. Okonkwo was a prosperous farmer, a champion wrestler, father to several children and a husband to three wives. He was also a person who exhibited flaws well-renowned in Greek tragedy (Achebe 34). Okonkwo controlled his household with a grave hand. His spouses, in particular the youngest, lived in unending fear of his burning temper, and also his little children. This portrays how African families lived before the European exploration. Such a line also shows how African men were powerful in the colonial days (Achebe 36). Maybe Okonkwo, down in his heart, was not a mean person. However, his entire life was subject to fear, the fear of not succeeding and of weakness. It was more intimate and much deeper than the fear capricious gods, evil and magic. Oknokwo was also more fearful of failing than the fear of forests and nature. Okonkwos fear of failing was much greater that the factors mentioned above (Roberts 23). It could not be observed openly, but lay deep within himself. He feared that one day he might follow the steps of his father, living as a deprived person. It is essential to note that Africans, back in the colonial days, were extremely superstitious. Therefore, for a p erson to not believe in nature among other factors is overwhelming. Such as

Health Psychology Committee Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Health Psychology Committee Report - Essay Example lth Psychology Committee has been mandated with the task of developing a psychiatry division to further enhance our response to mental health issues within the community. The following is results of our health psychology action plan. Seeking to hire and train five additional hospital-associated psychologists with the task of dealing with the wider community in a variety of health-related roles, the following recommendations will be made understanding that health and society are interrelated variables which work together to promote a healthy community. Accordingly, the committee understands and takes into account the important role that society has on the health status of members of its community. Accordingly, â€Å"on a fairly broad level, our society affects the health of individuals by promoting certain values of our culture.† (AUTHOR, 14) Individualist health promotion programs aim to address the health concerns of individuals while structuralism health promotion programs are focused upon addressing health trends such as the outbreak of HIV among high school students, or addressing the mental health issues across a cross-section of society. The social model of health explores both individuals and the s ocial population in determining our conception of health. According to this theoretical paradigm, improved health can be improved by looking at the key environmental and social aspects of what constitutes positive health. This is a theoretical model which has recently gained credence due to its emphasis on social determinants of health. With this in mind, the report aims to specify duties for the five hospital-associated psychologists keeping in mind the interconnectedness of health status and society. Thus, a sociological perspective on health will frame this report. Accordingly, the following positions will need to be filled by the committee: substance abuse counselor; inpatient-only psychologist; child psychologist; adult psychologist. Each of these